2.3. Public Goods Environmental resources, such as clean air and water, are often public goods that are not provided by the market.
4.4. Hedonic Pricing Hedonic pricing involves estimating the economic value of environmental resources based on the impact of environmental quality on property values. Environmental Economics An Introduction 8th Edition Pdf
3.4. Information and Education Governments can use information and education to raise awareness about environmental problems and encourage environmentally-friendly behavior. such as pollution
3.2. Market-Based Instruments Market-based instruments, such as taxes and cap-and-trade systems, use market forces to encourage environmental protection. such as fisheries and forests
3.1. Command and Control Regulations Command and control regulations set limits on emissions or activities and are enforced through fines and penalties.
2.4. Common Property Resources Environmental resources, such as fisheries and forests, may be common property resources that are overused and degraded due to lack of property rights.
2.2. Externalities Economic activities may generate negative externalities, such as pollution, that are not borne by the parties involved.